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Ayam (cap)
An ayam is a Korean traditional winter cap mostly worn by women in the Joseon period (1392 – 1910) for protection against the cold. It is also called ''aegeom'' which literally means "covering a forehead" in Korean. There is a historical record which mentions that officials in a low class called ''iseo'' (이서, ) wore ''ayam'' in the early Joseon period, so it was a unisex cap. However, it is not clear whether the shape at that time was identical to that of the later period. During the late Joseon period, an ''ayam'' was usually worn by female commoners. Especially in the western part of Korea, ''kisaeng'' (female Korean entertainers) commonly wore an ''ayam'', and they were also worn as a simple formal headgear.
==Composition==
The ''ayam'' generally consists of ''mobu'' (모부, a crown) and ''deurim'' (드림) which are shaped like ''daenggi'' (댕기) or a big ribbon. The upper 4–5 cm part of the ''mobu'' is finely quilted, the vertical line of the front shorter than the back's. On the bottom edge, the front part is more curved than the back. In addition, the vertical lines of the front and back are a little curvy, so that, when wearing an ''ayam'', it fits well to one's head. Black or purple silk is used for the upper quilted part of the outer fabric, while black or dark brown fur is used for the rest of the ''mobu''. The fabric for the inner is red cotton flannel.〔
The tassel attached to the upper center of both front and back is mostly red in color and the strings connected from both sides are all flat braids. However, some ''ayam'' worn by ''kisaeng'' were very luxuriously adorned with big and sumptuous jewels, such as jade, amber, or orpiment, on the tassels of both sides.〔
There are two types of ''deurim'' hung on the back of ''ayam''. One is made with two sheets of fabric in a 9–10 cm width which are linked together lightly. The other is made of one sheet of fabric in an 18–20 cm width, with the center folded. On the center line of the ''deurim'' are decorations of jade, amber, and others gems, and the length is usually over 100 cm. The ''ayam'' worn for spring and autumn has the same shape as the one for winter, but it is made of a lighter silk.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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